C12-15 Alkyl BenzoateSynthetic Oil · Emollient
Caprylic/Capric TriglycerideFatty Acid Ester · Emollient
Sodium Acrylates CopolymerPolymeric · Thickener
Butylene GlycolGlycol · Solvent
PropanediolPolyol · Humectant
Kakadu PlumBotanical Extract · Skin Conditioning
Aloe VeraBotanical Extract · Skin Conditioning
Unpurified aloe extracts may contain anthraquinones like aloin which are restricted to below 50 parts per million in cosmetics to prevent phototoxicity and skin irritation [1.2].
NiacinamideVitamin · Antioxidant
Laminaria Digitata ExtractBotanical Extract · Skin Conditioning
Algae and seaweed extracts including Laminaria digitata are frequently flagged as pore clogging and may exacerbate breakouts in acne prone skin [1.2].
Propylene GlycolGlycol · Solvent
Recognized as a frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis especially in individuals with eczema or compromised skin barriers.
Kojic AcidMiscellaneous · Other
Exhibitsanotablesensitizingpotentialandcancauseallergiccontactdermatitis, redness, andirritation, particularlyafterprolongeduseoratconcentrationsexceeding1%[1.10].
Sodium HyaluronateHyaluronic Acid · Humectant
Vitamin EVitamin · Antioxidant
Ceramide EOPCeramide · Skin Conditioning
Ceramide NS/NGCeramide · Skin Conditioning
Ceramide NPCeramide · Skin Conditioning
Ceramide ASCeramide · Skin Conditioning
Ceramide APCeramide · Skin Conditioning
CholesterolMiscellaneous · Other
1,2-HexanediolGlycol · Solvent
LecithinFatty Acid Ester · Emollient
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review expert panel advises that lecithin should not be used in formulations containing nitrosating agents to prevent the formation of potentially carcinogenic N nitroso compounds [1.6].
EthoxydiglycolGlycol · Solvent
Restricted in the EU to specific maximum concentrations and banned in eye and oral products to prevent potential kidney damage [2.1].
EthylhexylglycerinMultifunctional · Preservative
Recognized as a rare but emerging cause of allergic contact dermatitis, particularly in leave-on cosmetic products.
Tapioca StarchMattifying Agent · Sensory Modifier
XylitolPolyol · Humectant
PhospholipidsFatty Acid · Skin Conditioning
PolymethylsilsesquioxaneTexture Enhancer · Sensory Modifier
Date Palm ExtractBotanical Extract · Skin Conditioning
AnhydroxylitolPolyol · Humectant
Potassium SorbateOrganic Acid · Preservative
Considered a rare skin sensitizer, it may occasionally cause mild allergic contact dermatitis or irritation, particularly on damaged or compromised skin [1.8].
Hydrogenated LecithinNonionic · Emulsifier
Cetyl-PG Hydroxyethyl PalmitamideCeramide · Skin Conditioning
Subject to EU Cosmetics Regulation Annex III limits on secondary amine impurities to prevent the formation of potential nitrosamines [2.2].
Sodium GluconateOther · Chelating Agent
PhenoxyethanolPhenoxyethanol · Preservative
Generally well tolerated but can cause contact dermatitis or skin irritation in rare cases, particularly in sensitive individuals.
Sodium BenzoateOrganic Acid · Preservative
Cancauseallergiccontactdermatitisandnonimmunologiccontacturticariacharacterizedbyrednessandwheals, thoughitisgenerallywelltoleratedbymostindividuals[1.5].